Maps classified by value ranges provide a visual hierarchy of geographic phenomena through variations in color intensity. Typically, this is achieved using a graduated color ramp, ranging from white, which represents the lowest values, to…
Quantitative maps are essential for understanding how social, economic, cultural, and other phenomena are spatially distributed across a territory or region. These maps are designed to answer questions such as “how much?” or “what is…
GIS software provides powerful tools that greatly simplify map production and the spatial representation of geographic, cartographic, and attribute data. Users can create three main types of maps: qualitative, quantitative, and ordered maps. Qualitative maps…
Knowledge of the world gained a new dimension with the release of Google Earth and related mapping applications. In addition to providing satellite imagery of the Earth’s surface, these platforms incorporated extensive geographic databases that…
Attribute queries are one of the most commonly used techniques in map generation. They allow users to filter records using a variety of operators and select only the features that should be displayed on the…
For Geographic Information System (GIS) professionals, the most obvious approach to publishing maps on the Internet is often to make geographic layers available through a map server. These systems, commonly referred to as Web GIS…
The production of high-quality maps depends largely on the colors used to represent geographic features such as areas (polygons), lines, and points. There are no inherently “good” or “bad” colors; rather, the effectiveness of a…
Market segmentation is a reality for virtually every business. Developing different products and services for the same economic sector can be an excellent strategy, but it requires careful planning of commercial and marketing activities. Distribution…
In 2016, Brazil exported US$185 billion worth of goods, equivalent to approximately 645 million metric tons. These products left the country through roughly 100 export gateways, including seaports, airports, highways, and railways. To better understand…
Making informed decisions requires both high-quality information and appropriate analytical tools. One important aspect of geographic analysis is selecting the territorial units used to organize and evaluate data. This article discusses the different geographic divisions…
